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公平锁和非公平锁

程序员文章站 2022-06-02 08:14:11
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ReentrantLock中很明显可以看到其中同步包括两种,分别是公平的FairSync 和非公平的 NonfairSync。公平锁的作用就是严格按照线程启动的顺序来执行的,不允许其他线程插队执行的;而非公平锁是允许插队的。

默认情况下ReentrantLock是通过非公平锁来进行同步的,包括synchronized关键字都是如此,因为这样性能会更好。因为从线程进入了Runnable状态,可以执行开始,到实际线程执行是要比较久的时间的。而且,在一个锁释放之后,其他的线程会需要重新来获取锁。其中经历了持有锁的线程释放锁,其他线程从挂起恢复到Runnable状态,其他线程请求锁,获得锁,线程执行,这一系列步骤。如果这个时候,存在一个线程直接请求锁,可能就避开挂起到恢复Runnable状态的这段消耗,所以性能更优化。

	/**
	 * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock}.
	 * This is equivalent to using {@code ReentrantLock(false)}.
	 */
	public ReentrantLock() {
    	sync = new NonfairSync();
	}

默认状态,使用的ReentrantLock()就是非公平锁。再参考如下代码,我们知道ReentrantLock的获取锁的操作是通过装饰模式代理给sync的。

   /**
    * Acquires the lock.
    *
    * <p>Acquires the lock if it is not held by another thread and returns
    * immediately, setting the lock hold count to one.
    *
    * <p>If the current thread already holds the lock then the hold
    * count is incremented by one and the method returns immediately.
    *
    * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the
    * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
    * purposes and lies dormant until the lock has been acquired,
    * at which time the lock hold count is set to one.
    */
   public void lock() {
       sync.lock();
   }
   

下面参考一下FairSyncNonfairSync对lock方法的实现:

    /**
     * Sync object for non-fair locks
     */
    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        /**
         * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
         * acquire on failure.
         */
        final void lock() {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sync object for fair locks
     */
    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }
    }

当使用非公平锁的时候,会立刻尝试配置状态,成功了就会插队执行,失败了就会和公平锁的机制一样,调用**acquire()**方法,以排他的方式来获取锁,成功了立刻返回,否则将线程加入队列,知道成功调用为止。

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