如何制作一个rpm文件
程序员文章站
2022-05-29 11:08:54
...
我们以一个通用的磁盘检测软件sas3ircu为例，来看看如何将一个binary文件打包成一个rpm文件，然后再运行 rpm -ivh xxx.rpm 将此rpm文件安装到系统中。
使用的操作系统是CentOS 7.3. 步骤如下：
Step 1. 安装3个必要的rpm包制作软件
yum install rpm-build
yum install rpmrebuild
yum install rpmdevtoolsStep 2. 运行命令，在当前目录下生成rpmbuild目录
这个目录就是将来rpm-build命令在打包rpm时所需要的目录。
rpmdev-setuptree rpmbuild目录的内部结构如下：
rpmbuild/
├── BUILD
├── RPMS
├── SOURCES
├── SPECS
└── SRPMS
Step 3. 写一个makefile
DESTDIR=
dirname=$(DESTDIR)/usr/bin
install : sas3ircu
test -d $(dirname) || mkdir -p $(dirname)
cp sas3ircu $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin/sas3ircu
.PHONY : clean
clean :
rm -f sas3ircuStep 4. 写一个spec文件
Name: sas3ircu
Version: 16.0.0
Release: 1
Summary: sas3ircu is a disk check utility
Group: Applications/Engineering
License: N/A
Source0: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
%description
This is a disk check utility.
%define debug_package %{nil}
%prep
%setup
%build
make
%install
echo ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}
make DESTDIR=${RPM_BUILD_ROOT} install
%files
%defattr(-,root,root)
/usr/bin/%(name)Step 5. 查看现在rpmbuild里的目录结构
.
├── BUILD
├── BUILDROOT
├── RPMS
├── SOURCES
│ └── sas3ircu-16.0.0
│ ├── makefile
│ └── sas3ircu
├── SPECS
│ └── sas3ircu.spec
└── SRPMS
└── sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.src.rpmStep 6. 将SOURCES文件夹下的内容打包成 sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz
cd SOURCES
tar -cf sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar sas3ircu-16.0.0/
gzip sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar
rm -rf sas3ircu-16.0.0
现在的rpmbuild的目录结构是这样的：
.
├── BUILD
├── BUILDROOT
├── RPMS
├── SOURCES
│ └── sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz
├── SPECS
│ └── sas3ircu.spec
└── SRPMSStep 7. 做rpm包
rpmbuild -bb ./rpmbuild/SPECS/sas3ircu.spec注意，有源文件的情况下使用-ba选项；没有源文件只有二进制文件，可以使用-bb选项。
该命令的执行返回如下：
[[email protected]72 ~]# rpmbuild -bb ./rpmbuild/SPECS/sas3ircu.spec
sh: name: command not found
Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.XhQG2P
+ umask 022
+ cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ rm -rf sas3ircu-16.0.0
+ /usr/bin/gzip -dc /root/rpmbuild/SOURCES/sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz
+ /usr/bin/tar -xvvf -
drwxrwxr-x finix/finix 0 2018-02-09 21:36 sas3ircu-16.0.0/
-rw-rw-r-- finix/finix 182 2018-02-09 21:31 sas3ircu-16.0.0/makefile
-rwxr-xr-x finix/finix 660560 2018-02-09 15:36 sas3ircu-16.0.0/sas3ircu
+ STATUS=0
+ '[' 0 -ne 0 ']'
+ cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
+ /usr/bin/chmod -Rf a+rX,u+w,g-w,o-w .
+ exit 0
Executing(%build): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.oAnm6z
+ umask 022
+ cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
+ make
test -d /usr/bin || mkdir -p /usr/bin
cp sas3ircu /usr/bin/sas3ircu
+ exit 0
Executing(%install): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.FCXhbk
+ umask 022
+ cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ '[' /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 '!=' / ']'
+ rm -rf /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
++ dirname /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
+ mkdir -p /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT
+ mkdir /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
+ cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
+ echo /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
/root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
+ make DESTDIR=/root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 install
test -d /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin || mkdir -p /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin
cp sas3ircu /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin/sas3ircu
+ /usr/lib/rpm/check-buildroot
+ /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-compress
+ /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip /usr/bin/strip
+ /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip-comment-note /usr/bin/strip /usr/bin/objdump
+ /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip-static-archive /usr/bin/strip
+ /usr/lib/rpm/brp-python-bytecompile /usr/bin/python 1
+ /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-python-hardlink
+ /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-java-repack-jars
Processing files: sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
warning: File listed twice: /usr/bin
Provides: sas3ircu = 16.0.0-1 sas3ircu(x86-64) = 16.0.0-1
Requires(rpmlib): rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1 rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
Checking for unpackaged file(s): /usr/lib/rpm/check-files /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
Wrote: /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.kKDpcQ
+ umask 022
+ cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
+ /usr/bin/rm -rf /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
+ exit 0Step 8. 查看rpm包是否生成
[[email protected] ~]# tree rpmbuild/
rpmbuild/
├── BUILD
│ └── sas3ircu-16.0.0
│ ├── makefile
│ └── sas3ircu
├── BUILDROOT
├── RPMS
│ └── x86_64
│ └── sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
├── SOURCES
│ └── sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz
├── SPECS
│ └── sas3ircu.spec
└── SRPMS
Step 9. 验证生成的rpm包是否能够被安装
首先，要删除已经被copy到/usr/bin目录下的sas3ircu文件: rm -f /usr/bin/sas3ircu
然后，安装rpm文件：
[[email protected]72 ~]# rpm -ivh ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 is already installed
file / from install of sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package filesystem-3.2-21.el7.x86_64
file /usr/bin from install of sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package filesystem-3.2-21.el7.x86_64此时，发现了如上的错误。怎么办呢？Google.
Step 10. 解决冲突
rpmrebuild -pe ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
此命令运行后，会打开一个编辑器（比如vi），让你编辑该SPEC内容，其中会有如下的一句，将该句删除，再退出即可：
# Delete this line
%dir %attr(0755, root, root) "/usr/bin"Step 11. 再次验证
先删除在步骤9中已经安装的rpm的残余部分；然后重复步骤9，验证该rpm文件是否能够被成功安装。
[root@host-72 ~]# rpm -e sas3ircu
[root@host-72 ~]# rpm -ivh ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:sas3ircu-16.0.0-1 ################################# [100%]
[root@host-72 ~]# ls -l /usr/bin/sas3ircu
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 658632 Feb 9 21:42 /usr/bin/sas3ircu至此，证明安装成功，该rpm可用。
最后，关于SPEC文件的语法还是比较复杂的。如有需要，还要自己多加研究。
上一篇： redis在php中的基本使用