HttpRequest.FILES
表单上传的文件对象存储在类字典对象request.FILES中,表单格式需为multipart/form-data
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/">
<input type="file" name="image" />
request.FILES中的键来自于表单中的<input type="file" name="" />的name值:
img=request.FILES['image']
request.FILES中的值均为UploadedFile类文件对象。
UploadedFile
UploadedFile是类文件对象,具有以下方法和属性:
UploadedFile.read()
读取整个上传文件的数据,文件较大时慎用。
UploadedFile.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)
判断文件是否足够大,一般为2.5M
UploadedFile.chunks(chunk_size=None)
返回一个生成器对象,当multiple_chunks()为True时应该使用这个方法来代替read().
UploadedFile.name
上传文件的name。
UploadedFile.size
上传文件的大小。
UploadedFile.content_type
上传文件时的content_type报头,例如(e.g. text/plain or application/pdf).
UpladedFile.charset
编码
存储文件
想将上传的文件存储在本地时:
f=request.FILES['image']
with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination:
for chunk in f.chunks():
destination.write(chunk)
使用Form处理上传文件
也可以使用django自带的form来处理上传文件。
先创建带FileFiled或者ImageFiled的Form:
# In forms.py...
from django import forms
class UploadFileForm(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField(max_length=50)
file = forms.FileField()
用Form处理:
>>> f =UploadFileFormt(request.POST, request.FILES)
view函数:
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from .forms import UploadFileForm
def handle_uploaded_file(f):
with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination:
for chunk in f.chunks():
destination.write(chunk)
def upload_file(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
handle_uploaded_file(request.FILES['file'])
return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/')
else:
form = UploadFileForm()
return render_to_response('upload.html', {'form': form})
使用Model处理上传文件
如果创建了一个带FileField或者ImageField域的Model,需要将上传文件存储到Model的FileFIeld域。
比如,使用nicEdit文本编辑器时,需要存储上传的文件,建立Model:
from django.db import models
class NicEditImage(models.Model):
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='nicedit/%Y/%m/%d')
创建ModelForm:
from django import forms
class NicEditImageForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = NicEditImage
view:
def upload(request):
if not request.user.is_authenticated():
json = simplejson.dumps({
'success': False,
'errors': {'__all__': 'Authentication required'}})
return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json')
form = NicEditImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None)
if form.is_valid():
image = form.save() #保存Form和Model
json = simplejson.dumps({
'success': True,
'upload': {
'links': {
'original': image.image.url},
'image': {
'width': image.image.width,
'height': image.image.height}
}
})
else:
json = simplejson.dumps({
'success': False, 'errors': form.errors})
return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json')
当然也可以手动存储文件到Model的文件域:
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import UploadFileForm
from .models import ModelWithFileField
def upload_file(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
instance = ModelWithFileField(file_field=request.FILES['file']) #保存文件到FileField域
instance.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/')
else:
form = UploadFileForm()
return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})
不使用Form处理
想获得更大*度时,可以全手动处理。
from django.db import models
class Car(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='cars')
Model的FileField有以下属性:
>>> car = Car.objects.get(name="57 Chevy")
>>> car.photo
<ImageFieldFile: chevy.jpg>
>>> car.photo.name
u'cars/chevy.jpg'
>>> car.photo.path
u'/media/cars/chevy.jpg'
>>> car.photo.url
u'http://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg'
可以手动修改文件的名称:
>>> import os
>>> from django.conf import settings
>>> initial_path = car.photo.path
>>> car.photo.name = 'cars/chevy_ii.jpg'
>>> new_path = settings.MEDIA_ROOT + car.photo.name
>>> # Move the file on the filesystem
>>> os.rename(initial_path, new_path)
>>> car.save()
>>> car.photo.path
'/media/cars/chevy_ii.jpg'
>>> car.photo.path == new_path
True
Model的FileField是一个File对象,除了具有File对象的各种方法外,还有一个额外的save()方法:
FieldFile.save(name, content, save=True)
name为存储名字,content为File或者File子类的实例
>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=False)
>>> car.save()
类似于
>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=True)
手动存储:
from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
photo=request.FILES.get('photo','')
if photo:
file_content = ContentFile(photo.read()) #创建File对象
car.photo.save(photo.name, file_content) #保存文件到car的photo域
car.save()