GUI编程笔记

程序员文章站 2022-05-28 11:36:25

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GUI编程

GUI简介

GUI(图形用户界面编程)的核心技术： Swing AWT

被淘汰的原因：

因为界面不美观
需要jre环境

AWT

GUI编程笔记

AWT介绍

包含很多类和接口
元素：窗口，按钮，文本框 …
java.awt 包使用

容器和组件

窗口 Frame

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //实例化
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Frame!");

        //需要设置可见性
       frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口的大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色 color
       frame.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);

    }
}

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.BLUE);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.YELLOW);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.GREEN);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.RED);

    }

}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //封装
    static  int id = 0;
    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color) {
        super("MyFrame + " + (++id));
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setBackground(color);
        setVisible(true);

    }
}

面板Panel

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//Panel 可以看见是一个空间, 但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //设置frame 坐标，宽高，颜色
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(136, 65, 198));

        //设置panel 坐标，宽高，颜色
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(139, 237, 73));

        //把panel 添加到frame 中
        frame.add(panel);

        ////设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件  System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式:
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

布局管理器

流式布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件 - 按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //居中对齐
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); //左对齐
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); //右对齐

        //设置大小
        frame.setSize(200,200);

        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        //显示
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

东西南北中

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件 - 按钮
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        //把按钮添加到容器中
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //设置大小
        frame.setSize(200,200);

        //显示
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

表格布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件 - 按钮
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3)); //3行2列

        //设置大小
        //frame.setSize(200,200);

        //把按钮添加到容器
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack(); //Java 函数：自动填充

        //显示
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

布局练习

效果和思路:

GUI编程笔记

实习代码:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //总 Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //设置窗口大小,位置，颜色
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);

        //使用表格布局分成：2行1列
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));

        //显示
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));

        //上面
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);


        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);

        //下面4个
        for (int i = 0; i < 4 ; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-" + i));

        }

        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);

        //监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

总结

Frame 是一个*窗口
Panel 是一个面板，无法单独显示，必须加到容器中
布局管理器
1. 流式
2. 东西南北中
3. 表格

事件监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button("btn1");

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();


        windowClose(frame);  //关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }


    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}


//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("我是按钮");
    }
}

输入框监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame1();
    }
}

class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
    public MyFrame1() {
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听文本框输入的文字
        MyListener myListener = new MyListener();
        //按下enter，就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myListener);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();  //获得资源,返回一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText()); //获得输入框的文本
        field.setText("");
    }
}

画笔

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}


class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame() {
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要颜色,画笔可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100); //画空心圆
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100); //画实心圆

        g.setColor(Color.blue);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);  //画矩形

    }
}

鼠标监听

GUI编程笔记

实现用鼠标画画:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.security.cert.PolicyNode;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

//自己类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔 ，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合存储这个点
    ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame(String title)  {
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);

        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        //鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
        
    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point) {
        points.add(point);
    }

    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标 按下， 弹起， 按住不放

        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();

            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要话一遍
            frame.repaint(); //刷新

        }
    }

}

窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();

    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame() {
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

        this.addWindowListener(
            //匿名内部类
            new WindowAdapter() {
                //关闭窗口
                @Override
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("windowClosing");
                    System.exit(0);
                }
                //**窗口
                @Override
                public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.out.println("windowActivated");
                }
            }
        );

    }
}

键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}


class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame() {
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {

            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的键是哪个,当前的码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

窗口 JFrame

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo extends JFrame{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }

    //init() 初始化
    public void init() {

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);

        //设置文字 JLabel
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("我是JLabel");

        this.add(jLabel);

        //让文本标签居中
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        
        //获得一个容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.blue);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

}

弹窗 Dialog

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame{

    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西 容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton jButton = new JButton("点击弹出对话框");
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });

        container.add(jButton);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new DialogDemo();
    }
}

//弹窗窗口
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        
    }
}

面板 JPanel

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));

        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));

        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));

        container.add(jPanel);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

按钮

单选框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton btn1 = new JRadioButton("btn1");
        JRadioButton btn2 = new JRadioButton("btn2");
        JRadioButton btn3 = new JRadioButton("btn3");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，把他分组，一个组中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(btn1);
        group.add(btn2);
        group.add(btn3);

        container.add(btn1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(btn2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(btn3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JButtonDemo();
    }
}

多选按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("box1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("box2");

        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.NORTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JButtonDemo();
    }
}

列表

下拉框

package test;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Test extends JFrame {

    public Test() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("1");
        status.addItem("2");
        status.addItem("3");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Test();
    }
}

文本框

package test;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Test extends JFrame {

    public Test() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("1");
        status.addItem("2");
        status.addItem("3");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Test();
    }
}

密码框

package test;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Test extends JFrame {

    public Test() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(jPasswordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Test();
    }
}

文本域

package test;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Test extends JFrame {

    public Test() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();


        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
        textArea.setText("大杰");

        //Scroll 面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Test();
    }
}

GUI编程笔记

GUI编程

GUI简介

AWT

AWT介绍

容器和组件

窗口 Frame

面板Panel

布局管理器

布局练习

总结

事件监听

输入框监听

画笔

鼠标监听

窗口监听

键盘监听

Swing

窗口 JFrame

弹窗 Dialog

面板 JPanel

按钮

列表

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