c语言链表的增删改查–简单的学生管理系统

利用链表写成的学生管理系统，有增删改查基础操作。
注释大都写在代码里

下面展示全部代码，因为英语不是很好，大部分英语语句为拼凑而成。

链表的控制界面都写在user_face这个函数里面

下面是一些运行图片

进入软件时的选择界面

添加节点时的图片

修改节点时的图片

下面是 控制界面的代码。

void user_face()
{
    //进入软件第一个界面
    enter_software_face();

    //开始进入选择界面
    SetPos(0,0);
    print_face();
    char m;
    SetPos(70,10);color(9);printf("please choose what things do you want to do?");
    SetPos(20,14);color(1);printf("1.creat and add student's message");
    SetPos(40,18);color(2);printf("2.add student's message in sure place");
    SetPos(60,22);color(3);printf("3.change student's message");
    SetPos(80,26);color(4);printf("4.print someone message");
    SetPos(100,30);color(5);printf("5.delect student's message");
    SetPos(120,34);color(6);printf("6.delect all students' message");
    SetPos(140,38);color(7);printf("7.print all students' message");
    SetPos(160,42);color(8);printf("0.exit");
    color(15);
    m = getch();
    while(m != '0')
    {
        switch(m)
        {
            case '1':
                head_add();
                break;
            case '2':
                add_point_in_sure_place();
                break;
            case '3':
                change_student_message();
                break;
            case '4':
                search_student_id();
                break;
            case '5':
                delect_sure_message();
                break;
            case '6':
                delect_allpoint();
                break;
            case '7':
                print_all_student_message();
                break;
            default:
                printf("\nyour enter is wrong!\n");
                break;
        }
        SetPos(0,0);
        print_face();
        SetPos(70,10);color(9);printf("please choose what things do you want to do?");
        SetPos(20,14);color(1);printf("1.creat and add student's message");
        SetPos(40,18);color(2);printf("2.add student's message in sure place");
        SetPos(60,22);color(3);printf("3.change student's message");
        SetPos(80,26);color(4);printf("4.print someone message");
        SetPos(100,30);color(5);printf("5.delect student's message");
        SetPos(120,34);color(6);printf("6.delect all students' message");
        SetPos(140,38);color(7);printf("7.print all students' message");
        SetPos(160,42);color(8);printf("0.exit");
        color(15);
        m = getch();
    }

    //添加边框
    print_face();
    SetPos(80,25);color(8);printf("thanks to use our system!");
    SetPos(160,40);color(4);printf("creater:tuan zi");
    SetPos(160,41);printf("2020.7.9");
    SetPos(180,45);color(0);system("pause");
}

因为没有图形库所以用光标函数SetPos();来帮助打印界面，用print_face()函数来打印边框，用color()函数来改变字体的颜色。
user_face中的第一个调用函数是利用链表的头添加来添加节点
user_face中的第二个调用函数是在指定位置添加节点
user_face中的第三个调用函数是通过查询某人id来修改这个人的信息
user_face中的第四个调用函数是通过id查询某人的所有信息
user_face中的第五个调用函数是删除指定id的所有信息
user_face中的第六个调用函数是清空所有链表
user_face中的第七个调用函数是打印所有节点信息

/*----------先把链表的基础操作写完
------------写的是链表的增删改查。
*/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<windows.h>

#define NAME_NUM 20

/*-----------------------------定义学生的科目-----------------------*/
struct project{
    int stu_chinese;
    int stu_math;
    int stu_english;
    int stu_physics;
    int stu_chemistry;
    int stu_animal;
};

/*-----------------------------定义学生结构体-----------------------*/
struct stu{
    char stu_name[NAME_NUM];                //定义学生姓名
    int stu_id;                             //定义学生的学号
    int stu_class;                          //定义学生所在班级
    struct project stu_project;             //定义学生学科

    struct stu *next;                       //定义向后的指针
    struct stu *pre;                        //定义向前的指针
};


/*------------------首先为链表创建一个头指针,一个尾指针---------------*/


struct stu *head = NULL;
struct stu *end = NULL;

/*-----------------------------光标位置-----------------------------*/
void SetPos(int x,int y)
{
    COORD pos;
    HANDLE handle;
    pos.X = x;
    pos.Y = y;
    handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle,pos);
}

/*-----------------------------定义一些常用的宏-----------------------*/
#define FACE_x 187               //定义界面的横坐标
#define FACE_y 49                //定义界面的纵坐标


/*----------------------------颜色句柄函数---------------------------*/
int color(int num)           //num为每一种颜色代表的数字，数字的范围是0-15
{
    SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),num);
    return 0;
}


/*--------------------------打印界面函数---------------------------*/
void print_face()
{
    SetPos(0,0);
    color(12);
    int i,j;
    for(i = 0 ; i <= FACE_y ; i++ )
    {
        for(j = 0 ; j <= FACE_x ; j++ )
        {
            if((i == 0) || (j == 0) || (i == FACE_y) || (j == FACE_x))
                printf("*");
            else
                printf(" ");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    color(15);
}

/*-----------------------------隐藏光标函数--------------------------*/
void HideCursor()
{
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_inof ={1,0};       //第二个值隐藏起来，用来隐藏光标
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),&cursor_inof);
}

/*---------------------------进入程序界面---------------------------*/
void enter_software_face()
{
    print_face();
    SetPos(80,40);color(3);printf("welcome to use my software");
    color(0);system("pause");
    HideCursor();
    system("cls");
    color(15);
}

/*-----------------------------开始创建节点--------------------------*/
struct stu *creat_point()
{
    color(1);
    char student_name[20];
    struct stu *p = (struct stu *)malloc(sizeof(struct stu));
    SetPos(70,13);printf("please enter the student's name:");scanf("%s",&student_name);strcpy(p->stu_name,student_name);
    SetPos(70,16);printf("please enter the student's id:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_id);
    SetPos(70,19);printf("please enter the student's class:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_class);
    SetPos(70,22);printf("please enter the student's chinese score:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_chinese);
    SetPos(70,25);printf("please enter the student's math score:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_math);
    SetPos(70,28);printf("please enter the student's english score:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_english);
    SetPos(70,31);printf("please enter the student's physics score:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_physics);
    SetPos(70,34);printf("please enter the student's chemistry score:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_chemistry);
    SetPos(70,37);printf("please enter the student's animal score:");scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_animal);

    SetPos(70,38);printf("the student's message enter over!");
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);

    return p;
}

/*----------------------------创建并添加链表-----------------------------*/
void head_add()
{
    //打印边框
    SetPos(0,0);
    print_face();
    //利用头添加为链表添加节点
    char m;
    if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(80,10);
        color(4);
        printf("do you want to start add point?");
        m = getch();
        if(m == '0')
            return;
    }
    while(m != '0')
    {
        if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
        {
            struct stu *p = creat_point();
            head = p;
            end = p;
            end->next = NULL;
        }else
        {
            SetPos(0,0);
            print_face();
            SetPos(80,10);
            color(4);
            printf("dou you want to add point continue?");
            m = getch();
            if(m == '0')
                break;
            struct stu *p = creat_point();
            p->next = head;
            head->pre = p;
            head = p;
        }
    }
    SetPos(80,25);color(10);printf("all student's message enter over!");
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);
}

/*----------------------------打印所有学生的信息-----------------------------*/
void print_all_student_message()
{
    //打印边框
    print_face();
    if(head == NULL)                                           //判断链表是否为空
    {
        SetPos(80,25);color(4);printf("have no student'smessage!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //这个可以用定义光标函数来固定每个属性的位置
    SetPos(10,5);color(1);printf("name"); SetPos(30,5);color(2);printf("id"); SetPos(50,5);color(3);printf("class");
    SetPos(70,5);color(4);printf("chinese"); SetPos(90,5);color(5);printf("math"); SetPos(110,5);color(6);printf("english");
    SetPos(130,5);color(7);printf("physics"); SetPos(150,5);color(8);printf("chemistry"); SetPos(170,5);color(9);printf("anmial");

    struct stu *p = head;
    int n = 8;    //用来定义打印信息的行数
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        SetPos(10,n);color(1);printf("%s",p->stu_name);
        SetPos(30,n);color(2);printf("%d",p->stu_id);
        SetPos(50,n);color(3);printf("%d",p->stu_class);
        SetPos(70,n);color(4);printf("%d",p->stu_project.stu_chinese);
        SetPos(90,n);color(5);printf("%d",p->stu_project.stu_math);
        SetPos(110,n);color(6);printf("%d",p->stu_project.stu_english);
        SetPos(130,n);color(7);printf("%d",p->stu_project.stu_physics);
        SetPos(150,n);color(8);printf("%d",p->stu_project.stu_chemistry);
        SetPos(170,n);color(9);printf("%d",p->stu_project.stu_animal);

        ++n;
        p = p->next;
    }


    color(3);SetPos(80,45);printf("all student's message is print over!");
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);
}

/*----------------------------根据学号查询学生信息-----------------------------*/
void search_student_id()
{
    //定义边框
    SetPos(0,0);
    print_face();
    //判断链表是否为空
    if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(80,25);color(4);printf("have no student's message!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //当链表不为空的时候
    int search_students_id;
    SetPos(80,20);color(5);printf("please enter you want to search student's id:");scanf("%d",&search_students_id);

    struct stu *p = head;                                    //创建新的指针用来遍历查询所有节点
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        if(p->stu_id == search_students_id)
            break;

        p = p->next;
    }
    if(p == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(0,0);print_face();
        SetPos(80,25);color(4);printf("have no you enter student!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //已经找到节点，p节点就是你要找的id所在的节点
    //打印学生信息

    SetPos(80,25);color(13);printf("name:%s",p->stu_name);
    SetPos(80,27);printf("id:%d",p->stu_id);
    SetPos(80,29);printf("class:%d",p->stu_class);
    SetPos(80,31);printf("chinese:%d",p->stu_project.stu_chinese);
    SetPos(80,33);printf("math:%d",p->stu_project.stu_math);
    SetPos(80,35);printf("english:%d",p->stu_project.stu_english);
    SetPos(80,37);printf("physics:%d",p->stu_project.stu_physics);
    SetPos(80,39);printf("chemistry:%d",p->stu_project.stu_chemistry);
    SetPos(80,41);printf("animal:%d",p->stu_project.stu_animal);
    
    SetPos(80,45);color(6);printf("%s's message print over!",p->stu_name);
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);
}


/*----------------------修改学生信息--------------------*/
//用id查询节点
void change_student_message()
{
    //打印边框
    SetPos(0,0);
    print_face();
    //首先还是判断链表是不是为空
    if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(80,20);color(4);printf("have no student's message!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //当链表不为空,在链表里查找你需要的id
    int change_students_id;
    SetPos(70,10);color(14);printf("enter you want to change the student's id!:");scanf("%d",&change_students_id);

    struct stu *p = head;
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        if(p->stu_id == change_students_id)
            break;

        p = p->next;
    }
    if(p == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(70,20);color(9);printf("have no this student,or you enter wrong id!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //现在跳出循环后的指针指向的就是你所要求的节点
    SetPos(70,25);color(13);printf("please enter what message do you want to change!:");
    SetPos(16,30);color(1);printf("1.name");  SetPos(32,30);color(2);printf("2.id");  SetPos(48,30);color(3);printf("3.class");
    SetPos(64,30);color(4);printf("4.chinese");  SetPos(80,30);color(5);printf("5.math");  SetPos(96,30);color(6);printf("6.english");
    SetPos(112,30);color(7);printf("7.physics");  SetPos(128,30);color(8);printf("8.chemistry");  SetPos(144,30);color(9);printf("9.animal");
    SetPos(160,30);color(10);printf("0.exit");
    char m;
    m = getch();
    while(m != '0')
    {
        SetPos(0,0);
        print_face();

        SetPos(70,35);color(7);
        switch(m)
        {
            //这作用域没有错，但是总是报错
            case '1':
            {
                char changeyourid[20];
                printf("enter enter what name do you want to change:");
                scanf("%s",&changeyourid);
                strcpy(p->stu_name,changeyourid);
                break;
            }     
            case '2':
                printf("please enter waht id do you want to change:");
                scanf("%d",&p->stu_id);
                break;
            case '3':
                printf("please enter what class do you want to change:");
                scanf("%d",&p->stu_class);
                break;
            case '4':
                printf("please enter what chinese score do you want to change:");
                scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_chinese);
                break;
            case '5':
                printf("please enter what math score do you want to change:");
                scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_math);
                break;
            case '6':
                printf("please enter what physics score do you want to change:");
                scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_physics);
                break;
            case '7':
                printf("please enter what chemistry score do you want to change:");
                scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_chemistry);
                break;
            case '8':
                printf("please enter what animal score do you want to change:");
                scanf("%d",&p->stu_project.stu_animal);
                break;
        }

        SetPos(0,0);
        print_face();
        SetPos(70,25);color(13);printf("please enter what message do you want to change!:");
        SetPos(16,30);color(1);printf("1.name");  SetPos(32,30);color(2);printf("2.id");  SetPos(48,30);color(3);printf("3.class");
        SetPos(64,30);color(4);printf("4.chinese");  SetPos(80,30);color(5);printf("5.math");  SetPos(96,30);color(6);printf("6.english");
        SetPos(112,30);color(7);printf("7.physics");  SetPos(128,30);color(8);printf("8.chemistry");  SetPos(144,30);color(9);printf("9.animal");
        SetPos(160,30);color(10);printf("0.exit");
        m = getch();

    }

    SetPos(80,40);color(4);printf("change message achievement!");
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);
    
}

/*----------------------------用来获得链表中节点的个数的函数----------------*/
int getnum_in_mylist_point()
{
    //用来判断链表中有没有节点
    if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
    {
        printf("\n          **********have no student's message!**********\n");
        return 0;
    }

    //当链表不为空的时候
    int num = 0;    //用来计算节点的数量
    struct stu *p = head;
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        p = p->next;
        num++;
    }

    return num;
}

/*----------------------------在指定位置添加学生信息------------------------*/
void add_point_in_sure_place()
{
    //打印边框
    SetPos(0,0);
    print_face();
    //判断链表是不是为空
    if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(80,20);color(4);printf("have no student's message!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //当链表不为空的时候
    int num;
    int list_num = getnum_in_mylist_point();                          //用来接收链表中所有的节点数目
    SetPos(70,10);color(3);printf("pleas enter what num point do you want to add:");scanf("%d",&num);

    //这个时候判断你输入的值是否越界,如果输入越界了，直接退出这个函数
    if((num < 1) || (num > (list_num + 1)))
    {
        SetPos(70,25);color(4);printf("you enter num is wrong!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //当输入没有越界的时候

    //首先创建一个节点
    SetPos(0,0);
    print_face();
    struct stu *p = creat_point();

    //添加节点有三种大情况
    if(list_num == 1)                  //第一大种情况，链表中只有一个节点
    {
        p->next = head;
        p->pre = NULL;
        head->pre = p;
        head = p;
    }else                             //第二大种情况，链表中有多个节点
    {
        if(num == 1)                        //第一种小情况：你所要添加的节点的位置在链表的表头，也就是num=1
        {
            //开始链接节点
            p->next = head;
            head->pre = p;
            head = p;
        }else if(num == list_num+1)         //第二种小情况，你所要添加的节点的位置在链表的尾部，也就是num = list_num+1
        {
            //开始链接节点
            end->next = p;
            p->pre = end;
            p->next = NULL;
            end = p;
        }else                              //第三种小情况，你要添加节点的位置即不在链表的头部，也不在链表的尾部
        {
            //开始链接节点，首先要找到需要的前一个节点
            int mynum = 0;
            struct stu *t = head;
            while(mynum != num)
            {
                t = t->next;
                ++mynum;
            }
            //跳出循环后，现在指针t指向的mynum位置原来的节点,我们得找到mynum这个位置节点的前一个节点q
            struct stu *q = t ->pre;
            q->next = p;
            p->next = t;
            t->pre = p;
            p->pre = q;
        }
    }

    SetPos(70,40);color(10);printf("add point over!");
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);
}

/*----------------------------删除指定id对应的学生信息--------------------*/
void delect_sure_message()
{
    //打印边框
    SetPos(0,0);print_face();
    //判断链表是否为空
    if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(80,25);color(4);printf("have no student's message!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //当链表不为空的时候
    int students_id;
    SetPos(80,20);color(9);printf("please enter what id's message do you want to delect:");scanf("%d",&students_id);
    //当只有一个节点的时候
    if(head == end)          
    {
        if(students_id != head->stu_id)
        {
            SetPos(0,0);print_face();
            SetPos(80,25);color(4);printf("you enter id is wrong!");
            color(0);system("pause");color(15);
            return;
        }else
        {
            free(head);
            head = NULL;
            end = NULL;
        }
    }
    //判断这个节点是否存在，如果存在创建指针找到这个节点
    struct stu *p = head;
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        if(p->stu_id == students_id)
            break;

        p = p->next;
    }
    if(p == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(0,0);print_face();
        SetPos(80,25);color(4);printf("have no the student's id!");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }
    
    //找到节点之后有三种情况
    if(p == head)                     //第一种情况，需要删除的节点是头节点
    {
        struct stu *z = p->next;
        head = z;  
        z->pre = NULL;
        free(p);
    }else if(p == end)               //第二种情况，需要删除的节点是尾节点
    {
        struct stu *z = p->pre;
        z->next = NULL;
        end = z;
        free(p);
    }else                            //第三种情况，需要删除的节点既不是头节点也不是尾节点
    {
        //找到这个节点的前一个节点用q表示,并且找到这个节点的后一个节点用h表示
        struct stu *q = p->pre;
        struct stu *h = p->next;
        q->next = h;
        h->pre = q;
        free(p);          //释放节点，防止出现野指针
    }

    SetPos(80,35);color(6);printf("delect the point over!");
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);
}

/*-------------------清空链表中所有的节点------------------*/
void delect_allpoint()
{
    //打印边框
    print_face();
    //判断链表是否为空
    if(head == NULL || end == NULL)
    {
        SetPos(80,25);color(4);printf("have no student's message!do not to delect !");
        color(0);system("pause");color(15);
        return;
    }

    //当链表不为空的时候
    struct stu *p = head;
    struct stu *q = NULL;
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        q = p->next;
        free(p);          //清楚链表中所有信息
        p = q;
    }
    head = NULL;
    end = NULL;

    SetPos(80,25);color(7);printf("all students' message delect over!");
    color(0);system("pause");color(15);
}

/*-------------------------操作界面------------------------*/
void user_face()
{
    //进入软件第一个界面
    enter_software_face();

    //开始进入选择界面
    SetPos(0,0);
    print_face();
    char m;
    SetPos(70,10);color(9);printf("please choose what things do you want to do?");
    SetPos(20,14);color(1);printf("1.creat and add student's message");
    SetPos(40,18);color(2);printf("2.add student's message in sure place");
    SetPos(60,22);color(3);printf("3.change student's message");
    SetPos(80,26);color(4);printf("4.print someone message");
    SetPos(100,30);color(5);printf("5.delect student's message");
    SetPos(120,34);color(6);printf("6.delect all students' message");
    SetPos(140,38);color(7);printf("7.print all students' message");
    SetPos(160,42);color(8);printf("0.exit");
    color(15);
    m = getch();
    while(m != '0')
    {
        switch(m)
        {
            case '1':
                head_add();
                break;
            case '2':
                add_point_in_sure_place();
                break;
            case '3':
                change_student_message();
                break;
            case '4':
                search_student_id();
                break;
            case '5':
                delect_sure_message();
                break;
            case '6':
                delect_allpoint();
                break;
            case '7':
                print_all_student_message();
                break;
            default:
                printf("\nyour enter is wrong!\n");
                break;
        }
        SetPos(0,0);
        print_face();
        SetPos(70,10);color(9);printf("please choose what things do you want to do?");
        SetPos(20,14);color(1);printf("1.creat and add student's message");
        SetPos(40,18);color(2);printf("2.add student's message in sure place");
        SetPos(60,22);color(3);printf("3.change student's message");
        SetPos(80,26);color(4);printf("4.print someone message");
        SetPos(100,30);color(5);printf("5.delect student's message");
        SetPos(120,34);color(6);printf("6.delect all students' message");
        SetPos(140,38);color(7);printf("7.print all students' message");
        SetPos(160,42);color(8);printf("0.exit");
        color(15);
        m = getch();
    }

    //添加边框
    print_face();
    SetPos(80,25);color(8);printf("thanks to use our system!");
    SetPos(160,40);color(4);printf("creater:tuan zi");
    SetPos(160,41);printf("2020.7.9");
    SetPos(180,45);color(0);system("pause");
}


int main()
{
    user_face();

    return 0;
}