[TOC]
参考链接1:Spring中Bean的生命周期是怎样的?
参考链接2:Spring Bean 生命周期
前言
最近买了几本书,看了其中讲springboot
的一本书,看到了讲spring bean的生命周期这一节,书上只是提了个大概,感觉不是自己想要的结果,还是自己动手吧;虽然写得不好,但是记一记还是对自己有好处的;
正文
在网上找了几张图,感觉有一张比较清楚:
接下来说一下几种方式吧,该项目使用springboot
构建的;以下代码均在改项目中完成
1. 自定义初始化方法和销毁方法
新建一个bean
类,注意该bean类上并没有使用注解
public class CustomBean {
private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomBean.class);
public void init(){
logger.info("CustomBean-init");
}
public void destroy(){
logger.info("CustomBean-destroy");
}
}
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自定义bean
的初始化和销毁方法需要在配置文件中添加以下代码:
@Configuration
public class LifeCycleConfig {
/**
* 自定义bean的initMethod和destroyMethod
* @return
*/
@Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
CustomBean customBean(){
return new CustomBean();
}
}
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2. 使用注解的方式
使用@PostConstruct
和@PreDestroy
两个注解,其中 @PostConstruct
是在构方函数执行完之后指向性,@PreDestroy
是在bean
销毁前执行;
该bean类上使用了Component
注解,当然,你还可以使用另外的那三个注解中的某一个;
@Component
public class AnnotationBean {
private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(AnnotationBean.class);
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
logger.info("AnnotationBean-init");
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy(){
logger.info("AnnotationBean-destroy");
}
}
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3.InitializingBean, DisposableBean
还可以继承InitializingBean
, DisposableBean
接口
@Component
public class LifeCycleBean implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean {
private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(LifeCycleBean.class);
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
logger.info("LifeCycleBean-destroy");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
logger.info("LifeCycleBean-afterPropertiesSet");
}
}
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4.实现*Aware接口
在上边的图中可看见,有三个在最前面的三个Aware
接口类,这些接口的功能就不用去说了
@Component
public class LifeCycleBeanAware implements BeanNameAware,BeanFactoryAware,ApplicationContextAware {
private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(LifeCycleBeanAware.class);
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
logger.info("bean工厂");
}
@Override
public void setBeanName(String s) {
logger.info("bean的默认的名字:"+s);
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
logger.info("bean上下文");
}
}
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5.BeanPostProcessor 增强处理器
这个类不是接口类,这个类中有两个方法postProcessBeforeInitialization
和postProcessAfterInitialization
@Component
public class LifeCycleProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(LifeCycleProcessor.class);
private static final String DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME="annotationBean";
/**
*在bean初始化之前执行
* @param bean
* @param beanName
* @return
* @throws BeansException
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if(DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME.equals(beanName)){
logger.info("bean初始化之前执行:"+beanName);
}
return bean;
}
/**
*bean初始化之后执行
* @param bean
* @param beanName
* @return
* @throws BeansException
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if(DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME.equals(beanName)){
logger.info("bean初始化之后执行:"+beanName);
}
return bean;
}
}
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启动后的结果:
2018-09-08 16:25:55.238 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.LifeCycleProcessor : bean初始化之前执行:annotationBean
2018-09-08 16:25:55.238 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.AnnotationBean : AnnotationBean-init
2018-09-08 16:25:55.238 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.LifeCycleProcessor : bean初始化之后执行:annotationBean
2018-09-08 16:25:55.241 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.LifeCycleBean : LifeCycleBean-afterPropertiesSet
2018-09-08 16:25:55.246 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.LifeCycleBeanAware : bean的默认的名字:lifeCycleBeanAware
2018-09-08 16:25:55.246 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.LifeCycleBeanAware : bean工厂
2018-09-08 16:25:55.246 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.LifeCycleBeanAware : bean上下文
2018-09-08 16:25:55.279 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.bean.CustomBean : CustomBean-init
2018-09-08 16:25:55.506 INFO 2584 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-09-08 16:25:55.539 INFO 2584 --- [ main] com.gyc.GycApplication : Started GycApplication in 1.922 seconds (JVM running for 3.01)
2018-09-08 16:25:55.544 INFO 2584 --- [ Thread-6] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.spring[email protected]7b227d8d: startup date [Sat Sep 08 16:25:54 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-09-08 16:25:55.548 INFO 2584 --- [ Thread-6] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown
2018-09-08 16:25:55.549 INFO 2584 --- [ Thread-6] com.gyc.bean.CustomBean : CustomBean-destroy
2018-09-08 16:25:55.549 INFO 2584 --- [ Thread-6] com.gyc.bean.LifeCycleBean : LifeCycleBean-destroy
2018-09-08 16:25:55.549 INFO 2584 --- [ Thread-6] com.gyc.bean.AnnotationBean : AnnotationBean-destroy
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总结
梳理了bean的生命周期,大概明白了spring对bean的一个处理流程;
对最上边的图进行详细描述:
- spring对bean进行实例化
- spring 将值和bean的引用注入到bean对应的属性当中;
- 如果bean实现了BeanNameAware接口,spring将bean的ID传递给setBeanName方法
- 如果bean实现了BeanFactoryAware接口,spring将调用setBeanFactory方法,将BeanFactory容器实例传入
- 如果bean实现了ApplicationContextAware接口,spring容器将调用setApplicationContext方法,将bean所在的应用上下文的引用传入进来
- 如果bean实现的BeanPostProcessor接口,spring将调用他们的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法;
- 如果bean实现了InitializeingBean接口,spring将调用他们的afterPropertiesSet方法。类似的,如果bean使用了init-method声明了初始化方法,该方法也会被调用;
- 如果bean实现的BeanPostProcessor接口,spring将调用他们的postProcessAfterInitialization方法
- bean被应用程序调用,直到该应用上下文被销毁;
- 如果bean实现了DisposableBean接口,spring将调用他的destroy方法。如果bean使用destroy-method声明销毁方法,该方法也会被调用