log4j容器初始化探究

转载自：https://www.cnblogs.com/beginmind/p/5989036.html

http://www.blogjava.net/DLevin/archive/2012/07/10/382678.html

Log4j容器初始化探究

Log4j第一步就是初始化Logger容器Repository,这一章我们来探究Logger容器，从别从独立应用以及servlet容器下启动初始化两方面探究。

1 独立应用

静态初始化，java语言保证静态初始化只被执行一次，静态初始化源码在LogManager中。

时序图:

初始化流程:

第一步: LogManager获取配置文件的URL

第二步: OptionConverter获取Configurator实现类(配置类)

第三步: Configurator读取配置文件内容,配置Logger容器(默认配置Hierarchy)

1.1 LoggManager探究

LogManager获取配置文件的URL

源码:

//只在内部使用，将来版本将变为protected级别。

static public final String DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_FILE = "log4j.properties";

static final String DEFAULT_XML_CONFIGURATION_FILE = "log4j.xml";  

//将来版本变为private级别

public String DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_KEY="log4j.configuration";

//将来版本将变为private级别。用来指定在定义配置类

static final public String CONFIGURATOR_CLASS_KEY="log4j.configuratorClass";

//将来版本将变为private级别。如果不为空并且不为`false`则直接跳过初始化阶段

public static final String DEFAULT_INIT_OVERRIDE_KEY =  "log4j.defaultInitOverride";

static private Object guard = null;

//Logger容器选择器

static private RepositorySelector repositorySelector;

static {

    //初始化Logger容器为Hierarchy。根节点是RootLogger,默认级别是DEBUG

    Hierarchy h = new Hierarchy(new RootLogger((Level) Level.DEBUG));

    //初始化Logger容器选择器，以Hierarchy为Logger容器

    repositorySelector = new DefaultRepositorySelector(h);

    //获取系统属性log4j.defaultInitOverride

    String override =OptionConverter.getSystemProperty(DEFAULT_INIT_OVERRIDE_KEY,null);

    //如果没有设置log4j.defaultInitOverride,或者log4j.defaultInitOverride为false,进入初始化流程,否则跳过初始化

    if(override == null || "false".equalsIgnoreCase(override)) {

          //读取系统属性log4j.configuration

          String configurationOptionStr = OptionConverter.getSystemProperty(DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_KEY, null);

          //读取系统属性log4j.configuratorClass

          String configuratorClassName = OptionConverter.getSystemProperty(CONFIGURATOR_CLASS_KEY, null);

          URL url = null;

          //如果不存在log4j.configuration

          if(configurationOptionStr == null) {  

            //第一步先检查是否有log4j.xml

            url = Loader.getResource(DEFAULT_XML_CONFIGURATION_FILE);

            //如果没有检查是否有log4j.properties

            if(url == null) {

              url = Loader.getResource(DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_FILE);

            }

          } else {

            try {

              url = new URL(configurationOptionStr);

            } catch (MalformedURLException ex) {

              url = Loader.getResource(configurationOptionStr); 

            }    

          }

          if(url != null) {

            LogLog.debug("Using URL ["+url+"] for automatic log4j configuration.");

            try {

                //如果存在url,则利用URL配置Logger容器

                OptionConverter.selectAndConfigure(url, configuratorClassName,LogManager.getLoggerRepository());

            } catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) {

                LogLog.warn("Error during default initialization", e);

            }

          } else {

              LogLog.debug("Could not find resource: ["+configurationOptionStr+"].");

          }

    } else {

            LogLog.debug("Default initialization of overridden by " +  DEFAULT_INIT_OVERRIDE_KEY + "property."); 

    }  

} 

源码流程解析:

1.初始化Logger容器Hierarchy,设置根节点为RootLogger

2.初始LoggerRepositorySelector(容器选择器)为默认的DefaultRepositorySelector,容器为Hierarchy

3.读取系统属性log4j.defaultInitOverride,如果没有设置或者为false进行初始化,否则跳过初始化

4.读取系统属性log4j.configuration(log4j文件路径配置),如果存在对应的文件,则得到URL.如果没有对应的文件,首先检查是否存在log4j.xml文件,如果存在,得到Log4j配置文件URL,如果不存在log4j.xml,继续检查是否存在log4j.properties文件,如果存在该文件,得到log4j配置文件的URL,否则提示没有发现配置文件。

5.读取系统属性log4j.configuratorClass(自定义Configurator配置类全路径,一般不自定义)

6.调用OptionConverter.selectAndConfigure(url, configuratorClassName,LogManager.getLoggerRepository()),初始化logger容器

1.2 OptionConverter探究

OptionConverter获取Configurator实现类(配置类)

源码:

//利用给定URL配置Logger容器

static  public void selectAndConfigure(URL url, String clazz, LoggerRepository hierarchy) { 

    Configurator configurator = null; 

    String filename = url.getFile(); 

    //优先检查使用xml文件,并查看是否有自定义的configurator

    if(clazz == null && filename != null && filename.endsWith(".xml")) { 

        clazz = "org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator"; 

    } 

   if(clazz != null) { 

        LogLog.debug("Preferred configurator class: " + clazz); 

        configurator = (Configurator) instantiateByClassName(clazz, Configurator.class, null); 

        if(configurator == null) { 

            LogLog.error("Could not instantiate configurator ["+clazz+"]."); 

            return; 

        } 

    } else { 

        configurator = new PropertyConfigurator(); 

    } 

    configurator.doConfigure(url, hierarchy);

}

源码流程解析:

1.如果没有自定义配置类Configurator并且文件的后缀名是xml.配置类设置为org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator

2.如果自定义了配置类,根据配置类的全限定名,发射得到配置类实例

3.上面两种情况都没有匹配成功,默认是PropertyConfigurator配置类

4.调用configurator.doConfigure(url,hierarchy),根据配置文件URL,配置logger容器Hierarchy(已经静态化构造了简单的容器,RootLogger是根节点)

1.3 Configurator探究(以ProptertyConfigurator为例)

Configurator读取配置文件内容,配置Logger容器

1.3.1 doConfigure(URL,LoggerRepository)

源码:

//从URL中读取配置文件,配置Logger容器Hierarchy

publicvoid doConfigure(java.net.URL configURL, LoggerRepository hierarchy) { 

    Properties props = new Properties(); 

    LogLog.debug("Reading configuration from URL " + configURL); 

    InputStream istream = null; 

    URLConnection uConn = null; 

    try { 

        uConn = configURL.openConnection(); 

        uConn.setUseCaches(false); 

        istream = uConn.getInputStream(); 

        props.load(istream); 

    } catch (Exception e) { 

        if (e instanceof InterruptedIOException || e instanceof InterruptedException) { 

             Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 

        } 

        LogLog.error("Could not read configuration file from URL [" + configURL + "].", e); 

        LogLog.error("Ignoring configuration file [" + configURL +"]."); 

        return; 

    } finally { 

        if (istream != null) { 

            try { 

                istream.close(); 

            } catch(InterruptedIOException ignore) { 

                Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); 

            } catch(IOException ignore) { 

            } catch(RuntimeException ignore) { 

            } 

        } 

    } 

    doConfigure(props, hierarchy);

}

源码流程解析:

1.文件URL读取文件内容,赋值给Properties

2.调用doConfigure(properties,hierarchy)配置logger容器

1.3.2 doConfigure(Properties , LoggerRepository)

源码:

public void doConfigure(Properties properties, LoggerRepository hierarchy) {

    repository = hierarchy; 

    String value = properties.getProperty(LogLog.DEBUG_KEY); 

    if(value == null) { 

        value = properties.getProperty("log4j.configDebug"); 

        if(value != null)

            LogLog.warn("[log4j.configDebug] is deprecated. Use [log4j.debug] instead."); 

     } 

    if(value != null) { 

        LogLog.setInternalDebugging(OptionConverter.toBoolean(value, true)); 

    } 

    // if log4j.reset=true then 

    // reset hierarchy 

    String reset = properties.getProperty(RESET_KEY); 

    if (reset != null && OptionConverter.toBoolean(reset, false)) { 

        hierarchy.resetConfiguration(); 

    } 

    String thresholdStr = OptionConverter.findAndSubst(THRESHOLD_PREFIX, properties); 

    if(thresholdStr != null) { 

        hierarchy.setThreshold(OptionConverter.toLevel(thresholdStr, (Level) Level.ALL)); 

        LogLog.debug("Hierarchy threshold set to ["+hierarchy.getThreshold()+"]."); 

    }  

    configureRootCategory(properties, hierarchy); 

    configureLoggerFactory(properties); 

    parseCatsAndRenderers(properties, hierarchy); 

    LogLog.debug("Finished configuring."); 

    // We don't want to hold references to appenders preventing their 

    // garbage collection. 

    registry.clear(); 

}

void configureRootCategory(Properties props, LoggerRepository hierarchy) {

    String effectiveFrefix = ROOT_LOGGER_PREFIX;

    String value = OptionConverter.findAndSubst(ROOT_LOGGER_PREFIX, props);

    if(value == null) {

      value = OptionConverter.findAndSubst(ROOT_CATEGORY_PREFIX, props);

      effectiveFrefix = ROOT_CATEGORY_PREFIX;

    }

    if(value == null)

      LogLog.debug("Could not find root logger information. Is this OK?");

    else {

      Logger root = hierarchy.getRootLogger();

      synchronized(root) {

        parseCategory(props, root, effectiveFrefix, INTERNAL_ROOT_NAME, value);

      }

    }

  }

protected void configureLoggerFactory(Properties props) {

    String factoryClassName = OptionConverter.findAndSubst(LOGGER_FACTORY_KEY,props);

    if(factoryClassName != null) {

      LogLog.debug("Setting category factory to ["+factoryClassName+"].");

      loggerFactory = (LoggerFactory)OptionConverter.instantiateByClassName(factoryClassName,LoggerFactory.class,loggerFactory);

      PropertySetter.setProperties(loggerFactory, props, FACTORY_PREFIX + ".");

    }

  }

protected void parseCatsAndRenderers(Properties props, LoggerRepository hierarchy) { 

    Enumeration enumeration = props.propertyNames(); 

    while(enumeration.hasMoreElements()) { 

        String key = (String) enumeration.nextElement(); 

        if(key.startsWith(CATEGORY_PREFIX) || key.startsWith(LOGGER_PREFIX)) {

            String loggerName = null;

            if(key.startsWith(CATEGORY_PREFIX)) { 

                loggerName = key.substring(CATEGORY_PREFIX.length());

            } else if(key.startsWith(LOGGER_PREFIX)) { 

                loggerName = key.substring(LOGGER_PREFIX.length());

            }

            String value = OptionConverter.findAndSubst(key, props);

            Logger logger = hierarchy.getLogger(loggerName, loggerFactory);

            synchronized(logger) { 

                parseCategory(props, logger, key, loggerName, value); 

                parseAdditivityForLogger(props, logger, loggerName);

            } 

        } else if(key.startsWith(RENDERER_PREFIX)) {

            String renderedClass = key.substring(RENDERER_PREFIX.length());

            String renderingClass = OptionConverter.findAndSubst(key, props);

            if(hierarchy instanceof RendererSupport) { 

                RendererMap.addRenderer((RendererSupport) hierarchy, renderedClass, renderingClass);

            } 

        } else if (key.equals(THROWABLE_RENDERER_PREFIX)) { 

            if (hierarchy instanceof ThrowableRendererSupport) { 

                ThrowableRenderer tr = (ThrowableRenderer) OptionConverter.instantiateByKey(props, THROWABLE_RENDERER_PREFIX, org.apache.log4j.spi.ThrowableRenderer.class, null); 

                if(tr == null) { 

                    LogLog.error( "Could not instantiate throwableRenderer."); 

                } else { 

                    PropertySetter setter = new PropertySetter(tr); 

                    setter.setProperties(props, THROWABLE_RENDERER_PREFIX + "."); 

                    ((ThrowableRendererSupport) hierarchy).setThrowableRenderer(tr); 

                } 

            } 

        } 

    } 

}

源码流程解析:

1.获取log4j.debug(log4j内部是否debug打印日志),如果为ture打印,false不打印。如果没有设置,尝试读取log4j.configdebug(已经废弃,用logdebug取代)

2.读取log4j.reset,如果设置为true,重置logger容器

3.读取log4j.threshold,设置logger容器总阀值,低于阀值将不打印日志。如果没有配置,默认设置为最低级别Level.ALL

4.调用configureRootCategory\(Properties, LoggerRepository\),配置RootLogger.RootLogger级别不能设置为空或者inherit.解析设置RootLogger的Appenders和Filters.

5.调用configureLoggerFactory(Properties props),配置Logger工厂类LoggerFactory.

6.调用parseCatsAndRenderers(Properties, LoggerRepository),配置Logger以及Renderer

2 Web应用

最常用的就是与Spring集成,这里主要将和Spring集成以及启动流程.其实web应用初始化log4j流程就是,容器启动的时候,首先找到Log4j配置文件,然后调用log4j API进行log4j初始化配置(同上)

2.1 搭建web环境

第一步:加入依赖

  <properties>

    <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>

    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>4.4</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>

      <version>2.5</version>

      <scope>provided</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>

      <version>2.0</version>

      <scope>provided</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

      <version>${spring.version}</version>

    </dependency>

    <!--  Log4j1 日志框架包  -->

    <dependency>

      <groupId>log4j</groupId>

      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>

      <version>${log4j.version}</version>

    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

第二步:在web.xml中加入Log4jConfigListener

   <listener>

        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>

    </listener>

第三步:在resources文件夹下加入log4j.xml或者log4j.properties

### 设置###

log4j.rootLogger = debug,stdout,D,E

log4j.threshold= debug

## log4j内部是否debug

log4j.debug= false

### 配置自己的log工厂类

log4j.loggerFactory=com.log.log4j.configure.MyLoggerFactory

### 输出信息到控制抬 ###

log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender

log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out

log4j.appender.stdout.Threshold = warn

log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = [%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} method:%l%n%m%n

### 输出DEBUG 级别以上的日志到=/data/applogs/log/logtopic/app.log ###

log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender

log4j.appender.D.File = /data/applogs/log/logtopic/app.log

log4j.appender.D.Append = true

log4j.appender.D.Threshold = DEBUG

log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n

### 输出ERROR 级别以上的日志到=/data/applogs/log/log4jLearning/error.log ###

log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender

log4j.appender.E.File =/data/applogs/log/logtopic/error.log

log4j.appender.E.Append = true

log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR

log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n

第四步:编写ServletDemo并配置

ServletDemo代码:

public class Log4jServletDemo extends HttpServlet {

    public static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(Log4jServletDemo.class);

    @Override

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        service(req, resp);

    }

    @Override

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException{

        service(req, resp);

    }

    @Override

    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException{

        LOGGER.debug("Log4jServletDemo Info Level");

        LOGGER.info("Log4jServletDemo Info Level");

        LOGGER.warn("Log4jServletDemo Info Level");

        LOGGER.error("Log4jServletDemo Info Level");

        req.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(req, resp);

    }

}

web.xml中配置:

    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>servletDemo</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>com.log.log4j.web.Log4jServletDemo</servlet-class>

    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>servletDemo</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>/demo</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

2.2 log4jweb初始化

初始化时序图:

初始化流程:

1.tomcat容器加载Log4jConfigListener

2.Log4jConfigListener把初始化Log4j的工作为委托给Log4jWebConfigurer

3.Log4jWebConfigurer获取配置文件路径。然后再委托给Log4jConfigurer

4.Log4jConfigurer调用Log4j框架的DomConfigurator.configure(url)或者PropertyConfigurator.configure(url)初始化配置Log4j,这样就走到了上面独立应用初始化Log4j的过程

2.3 源码探究

2.3.1 Log4jConfigListener

源码:

public class Log4jConfigListener implements ServletContextListener { 

    @Override 

    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {

        Log4jWebConfigurer.initLogging(event.getServletContext()); 

    } 

    @Override 

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {    

       Log4jWebConfigurer.shutdownLogging(event.getServletContext()); 

    }

}

源码流程解析:

1.调用contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent)初始化Log4j

2.委托给Log4jWebConfigurer初始化Log4j

2.3.2 Log4jWebConfigurer

源码:

public static void initLogging(ServletContext servletContext) { 

    // 首先检查是否暴露系统属性,默认是暴露

    if (exposeWebAppRoot(servletContext)) { 

        WebUtils.setWebAppRootSystemProperty(servletContext); 

    } 

    //得到自定义的log4j配置文件位置

    String location = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM); 

    if (location != null) { 

        // 主要是获取log4j配置文件的真实路径

        try { 

            // Resolve property placeholders before potentially resolving a real path. 

            location = ServletContextPropertyUtils.resolvePlaceholders(location, servletContext);

            // 判断是否是资源路径,以classpath:" or "file:"开头 

            if (!ResourceUtils.isUrl(location)) { 

                // 获取配置文件的真实路径

                location = WebUtils.getRealPath(servletContext, location); } 

                // Write log message to server log. 

                servletContext.log("Initializing log4j from [" + location + "]"); 

                // 读取 log4jRefreshInterval 属性

                String intervalString = servletContext.getInitParameter(REFRESH_INTERVAL_PARAM); 

                if (StringUtils.hasText(intervalString)) { 

                    try { 

                        long refreshInterval = Long.parseLong(intervalString); 

                        //配置log4j并启动一个监控线程

                        org.springframework.util.Log4jConfigurer.initLogging(location, refreshInterval); 

                    } catch (NumberFormatException ex) { 

                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid 'log4jRefreshInterval' parameter: " + ex.getMessage());   } 

                } else { 

                    //配置log4j

                    org.springframework.util.Log4jConfigurer.initLogging(location); 

                } 

        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { 

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid 'log4jConfigLocation' parameter: " + ex.getMessage()); 

        } 

    }

}

//设置WebAppRoot属性

public static void setWebAppRootSystemProperty(ServletContext servletContext) throws IllegalStateException {

       Assert.notNull(servletContext, "ServletContext must not be null"); 

       String root = servletContext.getRealPath("/"); 

       if (root == null) { 

            throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot set web app root system property when WAR file is not expanded"); 

        } 

       String param = servletContext.getInitParameter(WEB_APP_ROOT_KEY_PARAM); 

       String key = (param != null ? param : DEFAULT_WEB_APP_ROOT_KEY); 

       String oldValue = System.getProperty(key); 

       if (oldValue != null && !StringUtils.pathEquals(oldValue, root)) { 

            throw new IllegalStateException( "Web app root system property already set to different value: '" + key + "' = [" + oldValue + "] instead of [" + root + "] - " + "Choose unique values for the 'webAppRootKey' context-param in your web.xml files!"); 

        } 

       System.setProperty(key, root); 

       servletContext.log("Set web app root system property: '" + key + "' = [" + root + "]");

}

源码流程解析

1.exposeWebAppRoot判断是否暴露WebAppRoot,默认是暴露.可以自定义,如下配置

    <context-param> 

        <param-name>log4jExposeWebAppRoot</param-name> 

        <param-value>true</param-value>

    </context-param>

2.如果暴露,将设置系统属性为 webapp.root = servletContext.getRealPath("/")(项目部署根路径),也可以自定义webAppRootKey,如下

    <context-param>

        <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>

        <param-value>logtopic.root</param-value>

    </context-param>

这样就会设置系统属性 logtopic.root = servletContext.getRealPath("/"),再配置文件中就可以用${logtopic.root}代替部署根路径

3.String location = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM)获取Log4j自定义配置路径,如果不为空解析得到真实路径location = WebUtils.getRealPath(servletContext, location)如下配置

<context-param> 

    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> 

    <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>

</context-param>

配置有两种情况

- `classpath`开头,找到项目类路径,最后用ClassLoader加载,所以不要用"/"开头

<context-param>

 <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>

 <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>

</context-param>

• file开头,配置文件具体位置

<context-param> 

    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> 

    <param-value>file:///Users/lh/Desktop/log4j.properties</param-value>

</context-param>

4.读取log4jRefreshInterval属性,表示每隔一段时间,会重新读取配置文件,重新配置Log4j,自动检测更新。会单独启动一个线程来监控定时监控,单位是(ms).配置如下:

<context-param> 

    <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> 

    <param-value>2000</param-value>

</context-param>

5.最后调用log4j自身的API进行配置

if (resolvedLocation.toLowerCase().endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) { 

    DOMConfigurator.configure(url);

}else { 

    PropertyConfigurator.configure(url);

}

分类: Log4j专题

标签: log4j容器初始化