RandomAccess接口的使用
/**
* Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of
* randomness. All permutations occur with equal likelihood
* assuming that the source of randomness is fair.<p>
*
* This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element
* up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into
* the "current position". Elements are randomly selected from the
* portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current
* position, inclusive.<p>
*
* This method runs in linear time. If the specified list does not
* implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large, this
* implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling
* it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list. This avoids the
* quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential
* access" list in place.
*
* @param list the list to be shuffled.
* @param rnd the source of randomness to use to shuffle the list.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified list or its
* list-iterator does not support the <tt>set</tt> operation.
*/
public static void shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd) {
int size = list.size();
if (size < SHUFFLE_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) {//注意这一句中的instanceof
for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
swap(list, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));
} else {
Object arr[] = list.toArray();
// Shuffle array
for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
swap(arr, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));
// Dump array back into list
ListIterator it = list.listIterator();
for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
it.next();
it.set(arr[i]);
}
}
}
由以上的jdk源码可见,在对实现list接口的对象进行洗牌,打乱时,区分了该类是否是RandomAccess的实例,这样做有什么意义呢?请继续向下看:
介绍:
public interface RandomAccess
List 实现所使用的标记接口,用来表明其支持快速(通常是固定时间)随机访问。此接口的主要目的是允许一般的算法更改其行为,从而在将其应用到随机或连续访问列表时能提供良好的性能。
将操作随机访问列表的最佳算法(如 ArrayList )应用到连续访问列表(如 LinkedList )时,可产生二次项的行为。如果将某个算法应用到连续访问列表,那么在应用可能提供较差性能的算法前,鼓励使用一般的列表算法检查给定列表是否为此接口的一个 instanceof ,如果需要保证可接受的性能,还可以更改其行为。
现在已经认识到,随机和连续访问之间的区别通常是模糊的。例如,如果列表很大时,某些 List 实现提供渐进的线性访问时间,但实际上是固定的访问时间。这样的 List 实现通常应该实现此接口。
强调:
JDK中推荐的是对List集合尽量要实现RandomAccess接口
如果集合类是RandomAccess的实现,则尽量用for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) 来遍历而不要用Iterator迭代器来遍历,在效率上要差一些。反过来,如果List是Sequence List,则最好用迭代器来进行迭代。
JDK中说的很清楚,在对List特别是Huge
size的List的遍历算法中,要尽量来判断是属于RandomAccess(如ArrayList)还是Sequence List
(如LinkedList),因为适合RandomAccess List的遍历算法,用在Sequence List上就差别很大,常用的作法就是:
要作一个判断:
if (list instance of RandomAccess) {
for(int m = 0; m < list.size(); m++){}
}else{
Iterator iter = list.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){}
}
验证:
/*
* To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package testrandomaccess;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.RandomAccess;
/**
*
* @author bolong
*/
public class TestRandomAccess {
// 初始化列表
public static void initList(List list, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
list.add(i);
}
}
//使用循环进行对列表的迭代
public static void traverseWithLoop(List list) {
long starttime = 0;
long endtime = 0;
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
list.get(i);
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("使用loop迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
}
//使用迭代器对列表进行迭代
public static void traverseWithIterator(List list) {
long starttime = 0;
long endtime = 0;
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {
itr.next();
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("使用Iterator迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
}
public static void traverse(List list) {
long starttime = 0;
long endtime = 0;
if (list instanceof RandomAccess) {
System.out.println("该list实现了RandomAccess接口");
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
list.get(i);
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
} else {
System.out.println("该list未实现RandomAccess接口");
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {
itr.next();
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList arraylist = new ArrayList();
LinkedList linkedlist = new LinkedList();
initList(arraylist, 1000);
initList(linkedlist, 1000);
traverse(arraylist);
traverse(linkedlist);
traverseWithIterator(arraylist);
traverseWithLoop(arraylist);
traverseWithIterator(linkedlist);
traverseWithLoop(linkedlist);
}
}
运行程序输出的结果为:
该list实现了RandomAccess接口
迭代一共花了47ms时间
该list未实现RandomAccess接口
迭代一共花了15ms时间
使用Iterator迭代一共花了79ms时间
使用loop迭代一共花了46ms时间
使用Iterator迭代一共花了47ms时间
使用loop迭代一共花了797ms时间
结论:
根据程序输出的结果的确证明了,arraylist等实现了RandomAccessj接口的类在进行迭代时使用loop效率更高,而linkedList那些未实现该接口的类在进行迭代时使用Iterator进行迭代效率更高.
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