Linux上安装mysql8.0.19

1.下载mysql

选择下载Linux - Generic (glibc 2.12) (x86, 64-bit), TAR

2.上传到服务器后进行解压并安装

2.1 解压压缩包

$ tar -xvf mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar 
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-test-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-router-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.2 解压后得到xz后缀压缩包，解压mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

$ tar -xvf mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamchk
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamlog
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisampack
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_config_editor
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_secure_installation
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_upgrade
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqladmin
mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqlbinlog
......

#解压后，重命名为mysql-8.0.19,并移动到/usr/local目录下
$ mv mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

2.3 添加用户名和用户组

$ cd /usr/local/mysql
$ groupadd mysql
$ useradd -r -g mysql mysql
$ chown -R mysql:mysql ./

在/usr/local/mysql下创建data文件夹

$ mkdir data

2.4 初始化数据库，会自动生成密码 记得记下来，后面登录修改密码要用到

$ cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
$ ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2020-03-26T08:06:37.751865Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-03-26T08:06:37.752022Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.19) initializing of server in progress as process 13594
2020-03-26T08:06:42.182558Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for [e-mail]: tD&LZNEsm3Et

在初始化的过程中，可能会出现*./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory*这个错误，原因是缺少了libaio，这里执行安装yum -y install numactl后，重新初始化就可以了

2.5 创建配置文件及相关目录（如果在这个路径下已经存在的话就不用创建了）

创建配置文件：vim /etc/my.cnf

文件模板：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

修改配置文件内容：注意要在模板的 [mysqld] 下面去修改（basedir：mysql安装路径，datadir：数据存储目录）

[mysqld]
 
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
 
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
 
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log
character-set-server = utf8
pid-file = /tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid
tmpdir = /tmp
port = 3306
#lower_case_table_names = 1
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
#lower_case_table_names = 1
max_allowed_packet=32M
default-authentication-plugin = mysql_native_password
#lower_case_file_system = on
#lower_case_table_names = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators = ON
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

保存退出：wq!

创建文件/tmp/mysql.sock：设置用户组及用户，授权

cd /tmp
touch mysql.sock
chown mysql:mysql mysql.sock
chmod 755 mysql.sock

创建文件/tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid

mkdir mysqld
cd mysqld
touch mysqld.pid
cd ..
chown -R mysql:mysql mysqld
cd mysqld
chmod 755 mysqld.pid

创建文件/var/log/mysqld.log：

touch /var/log/mysqld.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log
cd /var/log
chmod 755 mysqld.log

2.6 安装和初始化数据库

进入初始化目录：cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

初始化数据库：./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql–datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

如果报错：（./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory）

需要安装命令：yum -y install numactl

之后在执行初始化数据库：./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

2.7 启动数据库

./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

查看是否成功：ps -ef | grep mysql

默认密码在mysqld.log日志里, cat /var/log/mysqld.log,其中[e-mail]: 后面的就是默认密码

$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p  #回车后输入密码

# 创建新用户
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Hadoop3!';

# 修改用户密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '111';
# 给user用户添加权限
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';

# 刷新登录权限
mysql> flush privileges;

2.8 配置mysql允许远程连接的方法

默认情况下，mysql只允许本地登录，如果要开启远程连接，则需要修改/etc/my.cnf文件。还要改登录用户添加权限
找到bind-address = 127.0.0.1这一行
改为bind-address = 0.0.0.0即可