Lnmp架构之源码安装
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2022-05-17 18:40:53
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LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构。
- Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。
- Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。
- PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入HTML文档的脚本语言。
一、MySQL源码安装
yum安装解决依赖性：yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make ncurses-devel bison openssl-devel zlib-devel cmake
准备的安装包： mysql-boost-5.7.11.tar.gz
[root@server1 mnt]# tar zxf mysql-boost-5.7.11.tar.gz
[root@server1 mnt]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=allcmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
#安装目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
#数据库存放目录
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock \ #Unix socket 文件路径
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 myisam 存储引擎
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 innodb 存储引擎
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 archive 存储引擎
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装 blackhole 存储引擎
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
#安装数据库分区
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
#允许从本地导入数据
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
#快捷键功能
-DWITH_SSL=yes \
#支持 SSL
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
#使用 utf8 字符
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
#校验字符
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
#安装所有扩展字符集
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
#MySQL 监听端口
make编译时报错
解决方案：
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# rm -fr CMakeCache.txt ##移除旧的对象文件
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# cd /usr/local/boost/
[root@server1 boost]# wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
##然后再重新编译一遍
##编译时指定boost库
[root@server1mysql-5.7.11]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/
开始安装
[root@server5 mysql-5.7.11]# make & make install安装完成后，接下来开始初始化设置。
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.11]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/support-files/
[root@server1 support-files]# ls
magic my-default.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server
[root@server1 support-files]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.back
[root@server1 support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf ##复制mysql的配置文件
[root@server1 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld ##复制mysql的执行脚本
[root@server1 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld ##添加可执行权限
[root@server1 support-files]# groupadd -g 27 mysql ##mysql默认UID，GID均为27
[root@server1 support-files]# useradd -u 27 -g 27 -d /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@server1 bin]# vim /root/.bash_profile
======================================================================
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin ##添加环境变量
======================================================================
[root@server1 bin]# source /root/.bash_profile ##运行环境变量
[root@server1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf ##编辑配置文件
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 basedir = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql
19 datadir = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data ##添加mysql数据目录
20 port = 3306
21 # server_id = .....
22 socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@server1 mysql]# chown mysql data/ -R
[root@server1 mysql]# ll
total 60
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:18 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17987 Feb 2 2016 COPYING
drwxrwxrwx 6 mysql root 4096 Aug 5 15:28 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:17 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:17 include
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:18 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:18 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:19 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2478 Feb 2 2016 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:19 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 5 10:19 support-files
[root@server1 mysql]# mysql_install_db ## 初始化命令
2018-06-29 11:01:28 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2018-06-29 11:01:28 [ERROR] The data directory needs to be specified.[aaa@qq.com mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2018-07-01T10:48:56.964538Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-07-01T10:48:56.964624Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release.
2018-07-01T10:48:56.964629Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set.
2018-07-01T10:48:59.917842Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-07-01T10:49:00.667612Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-07-01T10:49:00.981175Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5d212cdb-7d1c-11e8-8030-525400b70b5b.
2018-07-01T10:49:01.124832Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
##注意，最后一行设置了mysql的初始密码（<hm#wI&4d4H）
2018-07-01T10:49:01.126243Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for aaa@qq.com: <hm#wI&4d4H启动mysql
[aaa@qq.com mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
[aaa@qq.com mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password: (<hm#wI&4d4H)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| discuz |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
修改密码
[aaa@qq.com mysql]# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
New password:
Re-enter new password：
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.
All done! 二、php源码安装
解决依赖性:yum install -y libxml2-devel openssl-devel curl-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel gmp-devel net-snmp-devel
安装包：libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm
libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm
[aaa@qq.com mnt]# tar jxf php-5.6.35.tar.bz2
[aaa@qq.com mnt]# cd php-5.6.35
[aaa@qq.com php-5.6.35]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lnmp/php/etc --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-snmp --with-gd --with-zlib --with-curl --with-libxml-dir --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-pear --with-gettext --with-gmp --enable-inline-optimization --enable-soap --enable-ftp --enable-sockets --enable-mbstring --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-mcrypt --with-mhash
## mcrypt mhash 是 php 加密算法扩展库##安装
[root@server1 php-5.6.35]# make && make install ##添加并更改配置
[root@server1 php-5.6.35]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
[root@server1 php-5.6.35]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/php/
[root@server1 php]# cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@server1 php]# vim etc/php-fpm.conf
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 [global]
22 ; Pid file
23 ; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/lnmp/php/var
24 ; Default Value: none
25 pid = run/php-fpm.pid
-------------------------------------------------------------------------##修改时区
[aaa@qq.com php]# vim etc/php.ini
933 [Date]
934 ; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
935 ; http://php.net/date.timezone
936 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai##添加启动脚本
[root@server1 php]# cd /mnt/php-5.6.35/sapi/fpm/
[root@server1 fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@server1 fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@server1 fpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done三、nginx源码安装
Yum：yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc -y
nginx包：nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
需添加模块：nginx-sticky-module-ng.tar.gz
[root@server1 fpm]# useradd -u 800 -M -d /usr/local/lnmp/nginx nginx ##创建nginx用户，为了使得“权限最小”，仅允许nginx使用和访问nginx服务
[root@server1 mnt]# tar zxf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
[root@server1 mnt]# tar zxf nginx-sticky-module-ng.tar.gz
[root@server1 mnt]# cd nginx-1.10.1
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# vim src/core/nginx.h
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
12 #define nginx_version 1010001
13 #define NGINX_VERSION "1.10.1"
14 #define NGINX_VER "nginx/" ##对外隐藏版本
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////##取消C调试编译，可以有效提升效率
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# vim auto/cc/gc
178 # debug
179 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
[root@server1 fpm]# cd /mnt/nginx-1.10.1
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-threads --with-file-aio
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# make & make install[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
65 location ~ \.php$ {
66 root html;
67 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
68 fastcgi_index index.php;
69 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
70 include fastcgi.conf;
71 }[aaa@qq.com nginx-1.10.1]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[aaa@qq.com html]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
***************************************************************************
43 location / {
44 root html;
45 index index.php index.html index.htm;
46 }
***************************************************************************
[aaa@qq.com nginx-1.10.1]# /etc/init.d/nginx start
Starting nginx: [ OK ][root@server5 nginx]# ln -s /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx /sbin/
[root@server5 nginx]# nginx -t ##检测nginx配置语法
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@server5 nginx]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo()
?>
[root@server5 nginx]# nginx ##启动nginx
[root@server5 nginx]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@server5 nginx]# nginx -s reload ##nginx重载测试
四、Discuz论坛搭建
[aaa@qq.com bbs]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[aaa@qq.com html]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
[aaa@qq.com html]# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/nginx/html/
[aaa@qq.com html]# mkdir bbs
[aaa@qq.com html]# mv upload/ bbs
[aaa@qq.com bbs]# ls
admin.php connect.php forum.php member.php search.php uc_server
api cp.php group.php misc.php source upload
api.php crossdomain.xml home.php plugin.php static userapp.php
archiver data index.php portal.php template
config favicon.ico install robots.txt uc_client
[aaa@qq.com bbs]# pwd
/usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/bbs
[aaa@qq.com html]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
===========================================================================
1013 pdo_mysql.default_socket=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1162 mysql.default_socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1221 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
===========================================================================1、bbs下文件目录权限不足，修改权限
[aaa@qq.com bbs]# chmod 777 uc_server/ config/ data/ uc_client/ -R
2、目录不存在
[root@server5 bbs]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
1013 pdo_mysql.default_socket=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1162 mysql.default_socket =/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
1221 mysqli.default_socket =/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&登录进入论坛
五、php添加memcache缓存模块
1、安装memcache
[root@server5 mnt]# tar zxf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
[root@server5 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin:/usr/local/lnmp/php/bin
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[root@server5 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile
[root@server5 ~]# cd memcache-2.2.5
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20131106
Zend Module Api No: 20131226
Zend Extension Api No: 220131226
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php/memcache
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# make && make install 2、memcache配置
[aaa@qq.com memcache-2.2.5]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
---------------------------------------------------------------------
871 ; ... or under UNIX:
873 extension=memcache.so
874 ;
---------------------------------------------------------------------[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
Reload service php-fpm done
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# php -m | grep memcache ##php -m 查看加载的模块
memcache[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# cp example.php /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# cp memcache.php /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html/memcache.php
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
22 define('ADMIN_USERNAME','memcache'); // Admin Username (默认用户名：memcache)
23 define('ADMIN_PASSWORD','password'); // Admin Password (默认密码：password)
24 define('DATE_FORMAT','Y/m/d H:i:s');
25 define('GRAPH_SIZE',200);
26 define('MAX_ITEM_DUMP',50);
27
28 $MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = '172.25.18.5:11211'; // add more as an array
29 #$MEMCACHE_SERVERS[] = 'mymemcache-server2:11211'; // add more as an array
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
Reload service php-fpm done
[root@server5 memcache-2.2.5]# nginx -s reload[root@18 ~]# ab -c 100 -n 100 http://172.25.18.5/memcache.php
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 172.25.18.5 (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx/
Server Hostname: 172.25.18.5
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /memcache.php
Document Length: 101 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 0.150 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 100
Total transferred: 31600 bytes
HTML transferred: 10100 bytes
Requests per second: 665.41 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 150.284 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 1.503 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 205.34 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 2 0.4 2 3
Processing: 4 78 40.2 79 144
Waiting: 2 78 40.3 79 144
Total: 4 80 40.0 81 146
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 81
66% 103
75% 114
80% 121
90% 135
95% 142
98% 146
99% 146
100% 146 (longest request)
example.php的页面是直接访问了服务器，而memcache的页面是缓存
六、遇到的错误及解决办法：
错误1：PHP安装过程中，编译成功完成，结果在make的时候报错！！
libtool: link: `ext/opcache/ZendAccelerator.lo' is not a valid libtool object
解决办法：
1.# make distclean
或者 make clean
2.重新编译./configure.. ->make错误2：配置好php和nginx之后，访问index.php时无法显示页面
原因：php是动态页面，nginx默认不支持。所以需要在配置文件中添加：
解决办法：
[root@server5 bbs]# vim /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
#fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
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