rabbitmq官方的六种工作模式
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2022-05-17 08:54:19
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1.RabbitMq
1.1介绍
RabbitMQ是一个消息代理：它接受并转发消息。你可以把它当成一个邮局：当你想邮寄信件的时候，你会把信件放在投递箱中，并确信邮递员最终会将信件送到收件人的手里。在这个例子中，RabbitMQ就相当与投递箱、邮局和邮递员。
AMQP协议中的核心思想就是生产者和消费者隔离，生产者从不直接将消息发送给队列。生产者通常不知道是否一个消息会被发送到队列中，只是将消息发送到一个交换机。先由Exchange来接收，然后Exchange按照特定的策略转发到Queue进行存储。同理，消费者也是如此。Exchange 就类似于一个交换机，转发各个消息分发到相应的队列中。
1.2六种工作模式
官网介绍：https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html
这里简单介绍下六种工作模式的主要特点：
简单模式：一个生产者，一个消费者
work模式：一个生产者，多个消费者，每个消费者获取到的消息唯一。
订阅模式：一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取。
路由模式：发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key ，消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key
topic模式：将路由键和某模式进行匹配，此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上，“#”匹配一个词或多个词，“*”只匹配一个词。
1.2.0
准备：
安装rabbitmq，并启动
引入pom文件：
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>编写连接工具类：
package com.sakura.util;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class ConnectionUtil {
public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException {
//连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
//连接5672端口 注意15672为工具界面端口 25672为集群端口
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/jxd");
factory.setUsername("jxd");
factory.setPassword("123");
//获取连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
return connection;
}
}
这里说一下配置虚拟主机和用户名密码
为什么会有虚拟主机：
当我们在创建用户时，会指定用户能访问一个虚拟机，并且该用户只能访问该虚拟机下的队列和交换机，如果没有指定，默认的是”/”;一个rabbitmq服务器上可以运行多个vhost，以便于适用不同的业务需要，这样做既可以满足权限配置的要求，也可以避免不同业务之间队列、交换机的命名冲突问题，因为不同vhost之间是隔离的。
设置权限：
1.2.1简单模式
生产者：
package com.sakura.simple;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Sender {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明队列
/**
* 队列名
* 是否持久化
* 是否排外 即只允许该channel访问该队列 一般等于true的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来消费的场景
* 是否自动删除 消费完删除
* 其他属性
*
*/
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//消息内容
/**
* 交换机
* 队列名
* 其他属性 路由
* 消息body
*/
String message = "错的不是我，是这个世界~";
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME,null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x]Sent '"+message + "'");
//最后关闭通关和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.sakura.simple;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Receiver {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//获取连接
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//获取通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
while(true){
//该方法会阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received '"+message+"'");
}
}
}
1.2.1work模式
生产者：
package com.sakura.work;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Sender {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
String message = "冬马小三" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message + "'");
Thread.sleep(i*10);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.sakura.work;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);
//同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//关于手工确认 待之后有时间研究下
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message+"'");
Thread.sleep(10);
//返回确认状态
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
package com.sakura.work;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false, false,null);
//同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message+"'");
Thread.sleep(1000);
//返回确认状态
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
channel.basicQos启The following basic (Java) example will receive a maximum of 10 unacknowledged messages at once:
依据官网看。是指通道channel每次能够接收的消费者最大值 https://www.rabbitmq.com/consumer-prefetch.html
若将该行代码注释，则channel无限制，消息将很快发送完毕，只不过消息阻塞在队列中
1.2.3订阅模式
1.2.4路由模式
生产者：
package com.sakura.routing;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Sender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,EXCHANGE_TYPE);
String message = "那一定是蓝色";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.sakura.routing;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received1 "+message);
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
package com.sakura.routing;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received2 "+message);
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
路由模式下，一个队列可以绑定多个路由
1.2.5topic模式
生产者：
package com.sakura.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Sender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
//消息内容
String message = "如果真爱有颜色";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"key.1",null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '"+message+"'");
//关通道 关连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者：
package com.sakura.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received1 '"+message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
package com.sakura.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.sakura.util.ConnectionUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by apple on 2018/9/4.
*/
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false,false, null);
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
channel.basicQos(1);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
while(true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("[x] Received2 '"+message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
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